By psychological containment, I mean the human capacity (individually and institutionally) to hold complexity, uncertainty, emotion, ethical responsibility, and power without becoming reactive, fragmented, or psychologically overwhelmed. In the age of AI, this capacity becomes increasingly important within higher education, where students and educators are navigating rapid technological change alongside questions of identity, meaning, authority, and human connection.

For me, experiencing the Reggio Emilia institutions in Italy was extraordinary, and it left a deep mark on my educational philosophy moving forward. It revealed that education is not only about transferring knowledge; it is about shaping belonging, identity, and connection. These schools embodied the idea that creativity is not a luxury. It is how communities rebuild. It is how learners find their voice, and how societies imagine and build their future.

Picture Alexandria in its golden age; a bustling port city where ships from Greece, Egypt, North Africa, and the Levant docked daily. The harbour was a mosaic of cultures: Phoenician traders unloading amphorae of wine, Egyptian farmers selling grain by the sack, Greek philosophers deep in debate under the colonnades. In a place like Alexandria, empathy was profitable. Traders who could anticipate the needs, customs, and sensitivities of foreign merchants thrived.

Ancient Malta’s Hypogeum reveals how Neolithic societies engineered the brain for learning, empathy, and long-term thinking. Combining archaeology, neuroscience, and cultural history, Louise Sommer explores how past reward systems shaped human potential — and what we can learn to design better education, leadership, and social systems today. A thought-provoking read for researchers, educators, and innovators.